A Comprehensive Review of Sound-Based Modalities for Automatic COVID-19 Detection using Deep Learning-Based Techniques

The World Health Organization has labeled the novel coronavirus illness (COVID-19) a pandemic since March 2020. It's a new viral infection with a respiratory tropism that could lead to atypical pneumonia. Thus, according to experts, early detection of the positive cases with people infected by the COVID-19 virus is highly needed. In this manner, patients will be segregated from other individuals, and the infection will not spread. As a result, developing early detection and diagnosis procedures to enable a speedy treatment process and stop the transmission of the virus has become a focus of research. Alternative early-screening approaches have become necessary due to the time-consuming nature of the current testing methodology such as Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test. The methods for detecting COVID-19 using deep learning (DL) algorithms using sound modality, which have become an active research area in recent years, have been thoroughly reviewed in this work. Although the majority of the newly proposed methods are based on medical images (i.e. X-ray and CT scans), we show in this comprehensive survey that the sound modality can be a good alternative to these methods, providing faster and easiest way to create a database with a high performance. We also present the most popular sound databases proposed for COVID-19 detection. © 2022 IEEE.

Evaluation of a Video Generation Method Linking Dance and Scenes

Owing to the impact of COVID-19, the venues for dancers to perform have shifted from the stage to the media. In this study, we focus on the creation of dance videos that allow audiences to feel a sense of excitement without disturbing their awareness of the dance subject and propose a video generation method that links the dance and the scene by utilizing a sound detection method and an object detection algorithm. The generated video was evaluated using the Semantic Differential method, and it was confirmed that the proposed method could transform the original video into an uplifting video without any sense of discomfort. © 2023 SPIE.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated with human coronavirus HKU1 pneumonia: A case report and literature review.

Objective: To analyze the clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods and treatment process of the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated with human coronavirus(HCoV)-HKU1 pneumonia and improve the clinical medical staff's awareness of the disease, and to reduce the occurrence of clinical adverse events. Method(s): The clinical data of a patient with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated with HCoV-HKU1 pneumonia with hot flashes and night sweats, dry cough and dry throat as the main clinical features who were hospitalized in the hospital in January 2021 were analyzed, and the relevant literatures were reviewed and the clinical manifestations and diagnosis of HCoV-HKU1 were analyzed. Result(s): The female patient was admitted to the hospital due to diagnosed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma for more than 2 months. The physical examination results showed Karnofsky score was 90 points;there was no palpable enlargement of systemic superfical lymph nodes;mild tenderness in the right lower abdomen, no rebound tenderness, and slightly thicker breath sounds in both lungs were found, and a few moist rales were heard in both lower lungs. The chest CT results showed diffuse exudative foci in both lungs, and the number of white blood cells in the urine analysis was 158 muL-1;next generation sequencing technique(NGS) was used the detect the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and HCoV-HKU1 pneumonia was diagnosed. At admission, the patient had symptoms such as dull pain in the right lower abdomen, nighttime cough, and night sweats;antiviral treatment with oseltamivir was ineffective. After treatment with Compound Sulfamethoxazole Tablets and Lianhua Qingwen Granules, the respiratory symptoms of the patient disappeared. The re-examination chest CT results showed the exudation was absorbed. Conclusion(s): The clinical symptoms of the patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma complicated with HCoV-HKU1 pneumonia are non-specific. When the diffuse shadow changes in the lungs are found in clinic, and the new coronavirus nucleic acid test is negative, attention should still be paid to the possibility of other HCoV infections. The NGS can efficiently screen the infectious pathogens, which is beneficial to guide the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary infectious diseases more accurately.Copyright © 2023 Jilin University Press. All rights reserved.

Performance of environmentally sound cassava farming as an effort to increase income after covid 19 in the Bengawan Solo Wonogiri Watershed

The limited sources of income in the Wonogiri Regency will impact the tendency of repressive community actions towards empowering surrounding resources, including cassava farmers. After Covid 19, the cassava economy was used as leverage for changes in the rural economy. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the influence of environmental management on the inputs and outputs of cassava farming, (2) to diagnose fluctuations in the vulnerability of cassava farming, and (3) to analyze cassava problems in production and farming sub-systems. The research locations were in 2 subwatershed of Bengawan Solo areas, namely the Keduang Sub-Watershed (Ngadirojo District and Jatiroto District) and the Wiroko Sub-Watershed (Tirtomoyo District), with 120 respondents. The analysis used is the input-output analysis of farming, descriptive analysis, and t-test analysis. The results showed a difference between an environmentally sound cassava farming business and one that does not, with an error rate of 1% and a coefficient of 1,802% in terms of income (output) and cost (input). The vulnerability occurs when cassava cultivation is processed on a sharp slope of the soil, making it highly costly. The performance of environmentally sound cassava farming positively impacts production and income, but there are limited funds and technology.

Role of telemedicine in anesthesia: Are we ready yet?

Telemedicine is a modality which utilizes technology to provide and support health care across large distances. It has redefined the practices of medicine in many specialties and continues to be a boon for clinicians on many frontiers. Its role in the branch of anesthesia remains largely unexplored but has shown to be beneficial in all the three phases: pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative. Now time has come that anesthesiologists across the globe reassess their strategies and utilize the telemedicine facilities in the field of anesthesia.Copyright © 2021 EDP Sciences. All rights reserved.

Report of the Association Between Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and Severe Myocarditis

Introduction: The people worldwide have been affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection since its appearance in December, 2019. Kawasaki disease-like hyperinflammatory shock associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in previously healthy children has been reported in the literature, which is now referred to as a multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Some aspects of MIS-C are similar to those of Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome, secondary hemophagocytic syndrome, and macrophage activation syndrome. Case Presentation: This study reported an 11-year-old boy with MIS-C presented with periorbital and peripheral edema, abdominal pain, elevated liver enzymes, severe right pleural effusion, moderate ascites, and severe failure of right and left ventricles. Conclusion(s): Due to the increasing number of reported cases of critically ill patients afflicted with MIS-C and its life-threatening complications, it was recommended that further studies should be carried out in order to provide screening tests for myocardial dysfunction. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach was found inevitable.Copyright © 2023, Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits copy and redistribute the material just in noncommercial usages, provided the original work is properly cited.

The Pedagogical Residency Program and the Digital Training of Graduates in Natural Sciences

The immersion of digital technologies in the initial training of Natural Sciences teachers has become even more complex since the beginning of the Covid-19 Pandemic. In this sense, the present study proposed to analyze how digital technologies are present in the training of Natural Sciences teachers. For this, 15 semi-structured interviews were carried out and an online questionnaire was applied to teachers and students of the Biology, Chemistry and Physics subprojects of the Pedagogical Residency Program/Capes (RP/Capes) of the Federal University of Bahia (UFBA). Based on the principles of Critical Discourse Analysis, the reports identified difficulties in problematizing training with digital technologies, in view of the need to restructure the curricular matrices of the degrees, in addition to the already rooted instrumental training of future teachers. In this way, it is essential to expand the promotion of initial teacher training programs, such as PR, regarding the need to remove the instrumentalizing perspective that limits dialogue with technologies, making actions attentive to the potential of such digital spaces. © 2023 Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Fisica. All rights reserved.

First Case Mild Symptoms COVID-19 in Rural Central Java Area: Case Report of an Indonesian Patient

BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is a pandemic that began to emerge in December 2019 in various countries with high death rates of 4-9% until now. In March 2020, Indonesia found its first case where the condition of the infection kept spreading to various regions in Indonesia. Different regional conditions in Indonesia make it difficult to manage this virus infection. The capability of the regional hospitals to detect this virus infection with their facilities and infrastructure is required. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old man came to the Ajibarang Regional Hospital with complaints of coughs and colds felt for 4 days and fever for 2 days. Physical examination found a good general condition, moderate pain, the temperature of 38.8degreeC, pharyngeal hyperemia, and minimal lung crackles sound. Laboratory tests showed normal leukocytes, platelet, and hemoglobin levels. Chest radiograph was suggestive of bronchitis. The patient was hospitalized for approximately 4 days until the fever resolved and was discharged. Five days after the patient was discharged from the hospital, the results of the viral load examination using real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed positive for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). CONCLUSION(S): This case showed unusual conditions of a mild clinical COVID-19 infection, laboratory results that did not support viral infections, as well as radiology examination of only bronchitis. The viral load test was found to be positive. Therefore, the diagnosis of the COVID-19 infection requires a comprehensive interpretation of complete history taking, clinical examination, laboratory, and radiology examinations for clinicians working with limited hospital facilities and infrastructures.Copyright © 2023 Edward Kurnia Setiawan Limijadi, Inge Cahya Ramadhani, Dian Tunjungsari Hartutiningtyas, Gara Samara Brajadenta.

The Comparison Analysis of the Impacts of Lockdown and Quarantine Facets in the Transmission of COVID-19: Mathematical Approach

COVID-19 is the short name of the coronavirus disease discovered in Wuhan, China, in 2019. In the context of Tanzania, we develop a mathematical model in this work that compares lockdown and quarantine. Again, we provide evidence in favor of local and global stability, with the basic reproduction number, R 0 , determined to be 0.31 at the diagnostic test rates k 1 = k 2 = 0.05. In comparison to the lockdown, it has been discovered that isolating (or quarantining) affected individuals is the most effective way to stop the spread of COVID-19. Additionally, it is advised that governments in Tanzania and other African countries permit their citizens to go about their daily lives as long as they take the necessary precautions, such as donning face masks, washing their hands, and avoiding crowded gatherings in case of a recurrence of any form of COVID-19. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Computational & Mathematical Methods in Medicine is the property of Hindawi Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Cough Detection for Prevention Against the COVID-19 Pandemic

This paper proposes a novel and robust technique for remote cough recognition for COVID-19 detection. This technique is based on sound and image analysis. The objective is to create a real-time system combining artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, embedded systems, and network of sensors to detect COVID-19-specific cough and identify the person who coughed. Remote acquisition and analysis of sounds and images allow the system to perform both detection and classification of the detected cough using AI algorithms and image processing to identify the coughing person. This will give the ability to distinguish between a normal person and a person carrying the COVID-19 virus. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Acoustic-Based Deep Learning Architectures for Lung Disease Diagnosis: A Comprehensive Overview.

Lung auscultation has long been used as a valuable medical tool to assess respiratory health and has gotten a lot of attention in recent years, notably following the coronavirus epidemic. Lung auscultation is used to assess a patient's respiratory role. Modern technological progress has guided the growth of computer-based respiratory speech investigation, a valuable tool for detecting lung abnormalities and diseases. Several recent studies have reviewed this important area, but none are specific to lung sound-based analysis with deep-learning architectures from one side and the provided information was not sufficient for a good understanding of these techniques. This paper gives a complete review of prior deep-learning-based architecture lung sound analysis. Deep-learning-based respiratory sound analysis articles are found in different databases including the Plos, ACM Digital Libraries, Elsevier, PubMed, MDPI, Springer, and IEEE. More than 160 publications were extracted and submitted for assessment. This paper discusses different trends in pathology/lung sound, the common features for classifying lung sounds, several considered datasets, classification methods, signal processing techniques, and some statistical information based on previous study findings. Finally, the assessment concludes with a discussion of potential future improvements and recommendations.

Some considerations on the use of space sound absorbers with next-generation materials reflecting COVID situations in Japan: additional sound absorption for post-pandemic challenges in indoor acoustic environments.

In this study, we first point out the possible acoustic problems associated with the post-pandemic operation of built environments. In particular, we focus on the problem of acoustic deficiency due to the lack of absorption. This deficiency, which is likely to be encountered in most enclosed spaces in a range of establishments, is due to the reduced number of audience members or users of the space as a result of social distancing. As one of the promising solutions to this problem, we introduce a sound absorption technique using three-dimensional (3D) space sound absorbers developed through our recent research projects. Significantly, the type of sound absorber proposed herein is made of materials that are especially suited to hygiene considerations. The materials are microperforated panels (MPPs) and permeable membranes (PMs), both of which are easily washable and sanitised. Furthermore, we point out that 3D-MPP or PM space absorbers possess the additional value of aesthetic designability.

Application of transparent microperforated panels to acrylic partitions for desktop use: A case study by prototyping.

There are various measures currently in place to prevent the spread of coronavirus (COVID-19); however, in some cases, these can have an adverse effect on the acoustic environment in buildings. For example, transparent acrylic partitions are often used in eating establishments, meeting rooms, offices, etc., to prevent droplet infection. However, acrylic partitions are acoustically reflective; therefore, reflected sounds may cause acoustic problems such as difficulties in conversation or the leakage of conversation. In this study, we performed a prototyping of transparent acrylic partitions to which a microperforated panel (MPP) was applied for sound absorption while maintaining transparency. The proposed partition is a triple-leaf acrylic partition with a single acrylic sheet without holes between two MPP sheets, as including a hole-free panel is important to prevent possible droplet penetration. The sound absorption characteristics were investigated by measuring the sound absorption in a reverberation room. As the original prototype showed sound absorption characteristics with a gentle peak and low values due to the openings on the periphery, it was modified by closing the openings on the top and sides. The sound absorption performance was improved to some extent when the top and sides were closed, although there remains the possibility of further improvement. For this study, only the sound absorption characteristics were examined in the prototype experiments. The effects during actual use will be the subject of future study.

CovidCoughNet: A new method based on convolutional neural networks and deep feature extraction using pitch-shifting data augmentation for covid-19 detection from cough, breath, and voice signals.

This study proposes a new deep learning-based method that demonstrates high performance in detecting Covid-19 disease from cough, breath, and voice signals. This impressive method, named CovidCoughNet, consists of a deep feature extraction network (InceptionFireNet) and a prediction network (DeepConvNet). The InceptionFireNet architecture, based on Inception and Fire modules, was designed to extract important feature maps. The DeepConvNet architecture, which is made up of convolutional neural network blocks, was developed to predict the feature vectors obtained from the InceptionFireNet architecture. The COUGHVID dataset containing cough data and the Coswara dataset containing cough, breath, and voice signals were used as the data sets. The pitch-shifting technique was used to data augmentation the signal data, which significantly contributed to improving performance. Additionally, Chroma features (CF), Root mean square energy (RMSE), Spectral centroid (SC), Spectral bandwidth (SB), Spectral rolloff (SR), Zero crossing rate (ZCR), and Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) feature extraction techniques were used to extract important features from voice signals. Experimental studies have shown that using the pitch-shifting technique improved performance by around 3% compared to raw signals. When the proposed model was used with the COUGHVID dataset (Healthy, Covid-19, and Symptomatic), a high performance of 99.19% accuracy, 0.99 precision, 0.98 recall, 0.98 F1-Score, 97.77% specificity, and 98.44% AUC was achieved. Similarly, when the voice data in the Coswara dataset was used, higher performance was achieved compared to the cough and breath studies, with 99.63% accuracy, 100% precision, 0.99 recall, 0.99 F1-Score, 99.24% specificity, and 99.24% AUC. Moreover, when compared with current studies in the literature, the proposed model was observed to exhibit highly successful performance. The codes and details of the experimental studies can be accessed from the relevant Github page: (https://github.com/GaffariCelik/CovidCoughNet).

Patient Experiences and Outcomes in a Virtual Healing Setting: A Feasibility Study

Research Questions : How do participants with anxiety receiving distance healing using tuning forks, experience healing sessions? What outcomes do they spontaneously report? Theoretical Framework : Modified grounded theory, using single interviews to learn about experiences with distant sound healing. Methodology : Standardized open-ended, qualitative interviews of 30-minute length were conducted after the intervention and analyzed using an inductive and iterative process for identifying themes, categories, and patterns in qualitative data. Context : Single-arm, pilot feasibility study of Biofield Tuning (BT) for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic delivered at a distance facilitated by Zoom (without video). Sample Selection : A total of 15 participants were recruited to this study: 13 completed all quantitative aspects, and the 12 who completed the interviews are reported here. Data Collection : The 30-minute qualitative interviews were designed to understand the impact of virtual BT sessions on the participant's experience, anxiety, and within the larger context of their life. The Self-Assessment of Change measured subjective shifts pre and post treatment. Analysis and Interpretation : The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed using otter.ai. Two researchers read all the transcripts, identified key themes within the broader experience of sessions and outcomes categories, and came to consensus on key themes using a qualitative research analysis approach. Main Results : Participants were surprised by the degree to which they felt sensations and heard tuning fork changes. They commented on the accuracy of the healers' perceptions and comprehension of their life experiences. Participants reported positive shifts in perceptions of themselves and their surroundings, both interpersonally and in response to triggers. The patients' own words provide insight into the lived experiences of healing, and guide future research.

Holy Foley: Iatrogenic Duodenal Obstruction From a Make-Shift Gastrostomy Tube

Introduction: Enteral feeding is a physiologic process of providing adequate nutrition and has been shown to improve both mortality and quality of life in patients with inadequate oral intake. Improved critical care medicine and recent wave of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has left us with a large proportion of patients needing alternative enteral nutrition. Although rare, intussusception is an important differential for patients presenting with acute abdominal pain post makeshift percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement. Case Description/Methods: A 58-year-old male was admitted to the hospital for coffee ground emesis over three days accompanied with epigastric pain. He had right sided hemiparesis secondary to cerebrovascular accident with PEG tube for enteral nutrition. Examination was significant for epigastric tenderness with normal bowel sounds. PEG tube aspiration revealed bile-tinged fluid. Significant labs included white blood cell count of 11,600 /mm3, hemoglobin 10.2 g/dL, and lactic acid of 2.3 mmol/L. A computerized tomography of the abdomen with IV contrast showed a small segment duodeno-duodenal intussusception at the horizontal segment around the distal end of the tube was noted (Figure A). An urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) revealed a Foley catheter acting as a makeshift PEG tube extending across the pylorus into the duodenum. The distal tip of the Foley catheter was visualized with an inflated balloon seen in the third portion of the duodenum (Figure B) The inflated catheter balloon acted as a lead point causing intussusception in a ball-valve effect. The balloon was deflated, and the catheter was replaced (Figure C) with a 20 Fr PEG tube. Discussion(s): Gastric outlet obstruction is an uncommon complication reported in few cases caused by migration of the gastrostomy tube. Rarely this migrating gastrostomy tube can invaginate the duodenum or the jejunum causing intussusception. Only handful of cases have been reported in the literature. Patients usually present with epigastric pain, vomiting or rarely hematemesis. CT scan of the abdomen is the investigation of choice. Amidst the pandemic and supply shortage, Foley catheters have been deemed as a viable alternative to gastrostomy tubes and are being used more often. It is important to recognize this rare complication and use of balloon catheter should raise further suspicion. Timely endoscopic intervention can help avoid bowel necrosis and surgical intervention.

Ear Talk Project: Participatory co-composition on YouTube and the Web

In this article, we present Ear Talk – a co-composition and live performance project that enables remote music collaboration through technologically mediated systems. The Ear Talk project currently exists in two distinct implementations, one that repurposes YouTube's live-streaming technology, and one that utilises a stand-alone website. Although Ear Talk was conceived prior to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the necessity for remote collaboration became more apparent during the lockdown, when a vast majority of live events and music concerts were cancelled. The Ear Talk project enables a socially distanced form of online musical collaboration and offers a platform through which to respond to such a crisis, and has grown to be adopted and presented by many different performing groups across the world. In addition to describing the technical implementations of these two systems, we discuss issues that arise from our participatory practice: from musical quality concerns in regard to social aesthetics and artistic ingenuity, to accessibility concerns when designing technologically mediated collaborative systems. Ear Talk embraces continuous musical loops as well as highly asynchronous (i.e., perpetual) collaborative paradigms among remote participants, which raises a conceptual inquiry as to which part of its sonic and social experience constitutes music in the end. Finally, we evaluate performer–audience relationships (i.e., hierarchical versus horizontal interactions) and the efficacy of the Ear Talk systems at enabling socially engaged co-composition.

Emergency Auscultation Sound Transmission System Using Web Conferencing Services in Japan

The impact of COVID-19 has led to a rapid increase in the demand for home medicine and telemedicine at a global level. This is also true in Japan. However, telemedicine in Japan is mainly carried out by telephone or video calls, and does not cover the provision of information by percussion, palpation, or auscultation. As a result, remote auscultation services are not widely available, and we were unable to use them for "COVID-19."In this paper, we focus on auscultation sounds and construct a mechanism to remotely transmit auscultation sounds, with the aim of increasing information that physicians can use to make judgments and thus contribute to more accurate diagnoses. Based on this, we shall consider a system that can use existing web conferencing services to transmit auscultation and enable remote auscultation in countries where specialist services cannot be used (i.e., in the case of disasters) or where such specialist services are not widely available. © 2022 IEEE.

Party in The Bardo by Laurie Anderson and Jason Moran (review)

Numerous new social rituals have appeared during the global pandemic over the past two years, and while the few shows that have been staged during this time have been forced to utilize or adapt to these rituals (among other things: masks, six-foot distances between audience groups, Plexiglas barriers, temperature checks, ubiquitous hand sanitizer), only recently have we begun to see live productions created specifically to engage with the unprecedented era of COVID. The sequence includes video of animals and natural landscapes, her dog, Reed, images barely glimpsed through raindrop-covered windows, security in airports, and more, some of it looped, moving at odd speeds, or backwards. The next two stations featured Tai Chi artists Master Ren Guangyi (Reed's longtime Tai Chi teacher) and Haobu Zhao practicing Chen-style tai chi in pools of light underneath constantly falling flower petals;one wore red, the other white. There was something exhilarating about being at this relatively small event in such a massive space, able to see and hear everything: the Drill Hall became a cathedral of sorts, and we became celebrants at a special ritual available only to five small groups of people, which would take place only during this one week.

Obstruction simulation in real-time 3D audio on edge systems

After the COVID-induced lock-downs, augmented/virtual reality turned from leisure to desired reality. Real-time 3D audio is a crucial enabler for these technologies. Nevertheless, systems offering object spatialization in 3D audio fall in two limited cases. They either require long-running pre-renders or involve powerful computing platforms. Furthermore, they mainly focus on active audio sources, while humans rely on the sound's interactions with passive obstructions to sense their environment. We propose a hardware co-processor for real-time 3D audio spatialization supporting passive obstructions. Our solution attains similar latency w.r.t. workstations while draining a tenth of the power, making it suitable for embedded applications. © 2022 IEEE.